ハプログループB (Y染色体)
提供: miniwiki
ハプログループB (Y染色体)(ハプログループB (Yせんしょくたい)、英: Haplogroup B (Y-DNA))とは分子人類学において人類の父系を示すY染色体ハプログループ(型集団)の分類で、ハプログループBTの子系統で、M60, M181/Page32, P85, P90, V62, V75, V78, V83, V84, V85, V90, V93, V94, V185, V197, V217, V227, V234, V237, V44の変異によって定義されるグループである。60,000-65,000年前にアフリカで誕生したと考えられる。
分布
アフリカのなかでも特にピグミーに高頻度である。バカ族に63[1]-72%[2]、ハザ人に52[3]-60%[4]、ヌエル族に50%[5]、ムブティ族に33[6]-60%[7]、アカ族に35[8]-55%[9]などである。
下位系統
YCC 2008 tree[10] より
- B
- B-M60 (M60, M181, P85, P90)
- B-M236 (M236, M288)
- B-M236 (M236)
- B-M182 (M182)
- B-M150 (M150)
- B-M218 (M218)
- B-M109 (M109, M152, P32)
- B-G1 (G1)
- B-M108.1 (M108.1)
- B-P111 (P111, M43)
- B-M218 (M218)
- B-M112 (M112, M192, 50f2(P))
- B-P6 (P6)
- B-M115 (M115, M169)
- B-M30 (M30, M129)
- B-M108.2 (M108.2)
- B-P7 (P7)
- B-P8 (P8, P70)
- B-MSY2.1 (MSY2.1, M211)
- B-P112 (P112)
- B-M150 (M150)
- B-M236 (M236, M288)
- B-M60 (M60, M181, P85, P90)
脚注
- ↑ Gemma Berniell-Lee, Francesc Calafell, Elena Bosch et al., "Genetic and demographic implications of the Bantu expansion: insights from human paternal lineages," Molecular Biology and Evolution Advance Access published April 15, 2009
- ↑ Elizabeth T Wood, Daryn A Stover, Christopher Ehret et al., "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes," European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, 867–876. (cf. Appendix A: Y Chromosome Haplotype Frequencies)
- ↑ Alec Knight, Peter A. Underhill, Holly M. Mortensen et al., "African Y Chromosome and mtDNA Divergence Provides Insight into the History of Click Languages," Current Biology, Vol. 13, 464–473 (March 18, 2003).
- ↑ Sarah A. Tishkoff, Mary Katherine Gonder, Brenna M. Henn et al. (2007), "History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation," Molecular Biology and Evolution 24 (10) : 2180–2195. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm155
- ↑ Hisham Y. Hassan, Peter A. Underhill, Luca L. Cavalli-Sforza, and Muntaser E. Ibrahim, "Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History," American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2008).
- ↑ Fulvio Cruciani, Piero Santolamazza, Peidong Shen et al., "A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes," American Journal of Human Genetics 70:1197–1214, 2002.
- ↑ Elizabeth T Wood, Daryn A Stover, Christopher Ehret et al., "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes," European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, 867–876. (cf. Appendix A: Y Chromosome Haplotype Frequencies)
- ↑ Fulvio Cruciani, Piero Santolamazza, Peidong Shen et al., "A Back Migration from Asia to Sub-Saharan Africa Is Supported by High-Resolution Analysis of Human Y-Chromosome Haplotypes," American Journal of Human Genetics 70:1197–1214, 2002.
- ↑ Elizabeth T Wood, Daryn A Stover, Christopher Ehret et al., "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes," European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, 867–876. (cf. Appendix A: Y Chromosome Haplotype Frequencies)
- ↑ Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF (2008). “New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree”. Genome Research 18 (5): 830–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7172008. PMC 2336805. PMID 18385274 .