| − | **'''D4''' (3010, 8414, 14668) :[[北東アジア]]よくみられ、[[日本人]]、[[琉球民族|琉球人]]、[[朝鮮民族|朝鮮人]]、[[モンゴル人]]、[[ツングース系民族]]などでは最も高頻度で観察されるタイプである<ref name = "Maruyama2003">Sayaka Maruyama, Kiyoshi Minaguchi, and Naruya Saitou, "Sequence polymorphisms of the mitochondrial DNA control region and phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA lineages in the Japanese population", ''Int J Legal Med'' (2003) 117 : 218–225. DOI 10.1007/s00414-003-0379-2</ref><ref name = "Umetsu2005">Kazuo Umetsu, Masashi Tanaka, Isao Yuasa ''et al.'', "Multiplex amplified product-length polymorphism analysis of 36 mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms for haplogrouping of East Asian populations", ''Electrophoresis'' (2005), 26, 91–98. DOI 10.1002/elps.200406129</ref><ref name = "Derenko2012" /><ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17058303 East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control region sequence analysis]</ref><ref name = "Kong2003">Qing-Peng Kong, Yong-Gang Yao, Mu Liu ''et al.'', "Mitochondrial DNA sequence polymorphisms of five ethnic populations from northern China", ''Hum Genet'' (2003) 113 : 391–405. {{doi|10.1007/s00439-003-1004-7}}</ref><ref name = "Asari2007">Asari M ''et al.'', "Utility of haplogroup determination for forensic mtDNA analysis in the Japanese population", ''Leg Med'' (2007), doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2007.01.007</ref><ref name = "Zheng2011">Zheng H-X, Yan S, Qin Z-D, Wang Y, Tan J-Z, et al. 2011 Major Population Expansion of East Asians Began before Neolithic Time: Evidence of mtDNA Genomes. PLoS ONE 6(10): e25835. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0025835}}</ref> 。[[ブリヤート]]、[[カルムイク人]]、[[テレンギト人]]、[[カザフ人]]などでも最もよく見られるタイプである<ref name = "Derenko2012">Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Denisova G, Perkova M, Rogalla U, ''et al.'' (2012), "Complete Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Eastern Eurasian Haplogroups Rarely Found in Populations of Northern Asia and Eastern Europe." ''PLoS ONE'' 7(2): e32179. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032179</ref><ref name = "Derenko2007">Miroslava Derenko, Boris Malyarchuk, Tomasz Grzybowski ''et al.'', "Phylogeographic Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA in Northern Asian Populations", ''Am. J. Hum. Genet.'' 2007;81:1025–1041. DOI: 10.1086/522933</ref>。[[中国]]、[[東南アジア]]、[[シベリア]]、[[中央アジア]]、[[アメリカ先住民]]で広く観察される<ref name = "Malhi2004">Ripan S. Malhi, Katherine E. Breece, Beth A. Schultz Shook, and Frederika A. Kaestle, "Patterns of mtDNA Diversity in Northwestern North America", ''Human Biology'', Volume 76, Number 1, February 2004, pp. 33-54. DOI: 10.1353/hub.2004.0023</ref><ref name = "Malhi2003">Ripan S. Malhi, Holly M. Mortensen, Jason A. Eshleman ''et al.'', "Native American mtDNA Prehistory in the American Southwest", ''American Journal of Physical Anthropology'' 120:108–124 (2003)</ref><ref name = "Wen2005">Bo Wen, Hui Li, Song Gao ''et al.'', "Genetic Structure of Hmong-Mien Speaking Populations in East Asia as Revealed by mtDNA Lineages", ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 22(3):725–734. (2005) doi:10.1093/molbev/msi055</ref><ref name = "Hill2006">Catherine Hill, Pedro Soares, Maru Mormina ''et al.'', "Phylogeography and Ethnogenesis of Aboriginal Southeast Asians", ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 23(12):2480–2491. (2006) doi:10.1093/molbev/msl124</ref><ref name = "Hill2007">Catherine Hill, Pedro Soares, Maru Mormina ''et al.'', "A Mitochondrial Stratigraphy for Island Southeast Asia", ''Am. J. Hum. Genet.'' (2007);80:29–43.</ref><ref name = "Kaewsutthi2011">Supannee Kaewsutthi, Nopasak Phasukkijwatana, Yutthana Joyjinda ''et al.'', "Mitochondrial Haplogroup Background May Influence Southeast Asian G11778A Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy", ''Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.'' 2011 Jul 1;52(7):4742-8. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-5816</ref><ref name = "Volodko2008">Natalia V. Volodko, Elena B. Starikovskaya, Ilya O. Mazunin ''et al.'', "Mitochondrial Genome Diversity in Arctic Siberians, with Particular Reference to the Evolutionary History of Beringia and Pleistocenic Peopling of the Americas", ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'' 82, 1084–1100, May 2008. DOI 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.03.019.</ref>。
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| − | **'''D5'6''' (16189) : 主に[[東アジア]]、[[東南アジア]]でみられ、特に[[漢民族]]で高い<ref name="Tanaka">Tanaka M et al. 2004, [http://genome.cshlp.org/content/14/10a/1832.full#aff-1 Mitochondrial Genome Variation in Eastern Asia and the Peopling of Japan] Genome Res. 2004. 14: 1832-1850</ref><ref name = "Peng2011">Min-Sheng Peng, Jun-Dong He, Hai-Xin Liu, Ya-Ping Zhang, "Tracing the legacy of the early Hainan Islanders - a perspective from mitochondrial DNA", ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 2011, 11:46. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/11/46</ref><ref name = "Tabbada2010">Kristina A. Tabbada, Jean Trejaut, Jun-Hun Loo ''et al.'', "Philippine Mitochondrial DNA Diversity: A Populated Viaduct between Taiwan and Indonesia?", ''Mol. Biol. Evol.'' 27(1):21–31. (2010) doi:10.1093/molbev/msp215</ref> 。シベリア、中央アジア、[[インド]]東部でも低頻度でみられるが、下位系統のD5a2a2がシベリアの[[ヤクート]]でよくみられる<ref name = "Fedorova2013">Sardana A Fedorova, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu ''et al.'', "Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia", ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 2013, 13:127. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/13/127</ref>。
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